Movie Analysis The Four Young Boys - 1520 Words

In American society, gender stereotypes and the topic of stereotypes remain a central focus of art and individual discussion. Rob Reiner addresses stereotypes in Reiner’s film Stand by Me when he sheds light on multiple stereotypes in society. Throughout the film, Gordon, Chris, Vern, and Teddy, the main characters in the movie, frequently describe each other with derogatory terms, which characterize stereotypes in American culture. In Reiner’s movie, the four young boys follow the stereotypes that society establishes for boys and men. The main characters in the film display various stereotypes that society holds for both men and women. Reiner’s film shows that some men have a preconceived and a detrimental belief that showing emotion is a†¦show more content†¦Near the end of this scene, Chris describes himself by using the term â€Å"pussy† (59:15). Chris’ usage of the word â€Å"pussy† raises questions about its implications and it s negative connotation. When the boys classify actions as â€Å"pussy,† the boys are stereotyping both women and themselves. Individuals utilize stereotypes as a defining tool for specific actions and groups. In their article What Women and Men Should Be, Shouldn’t Be, Are Allowed to Be, And Don’t Have to Be: The Contents of Prescriptive Gender Stereotypes, researchers Deborah A. Prentice and Erica Carranza address the topic of gender stereotypes in American culture: Gender stereotypes are highly prescriptive. The qualities they ascribe to women and men tend also to be ones that are required of women and men. For example, the stereotypic belief that women are warm and caring is matched by a societal prescription that they should be warm and caring. Similarly, the stereotypic belief that men are strong and agentic is matched by a societal prescription that they should be strong and agentic. (269) Prentice and Carranza’s findings suggest that gender stereotypes force individuals into conformity with the stereotypes that society assigns. Prentice and Carranza’s research argues that members of a society must follow their stereotypical description in order for society’s acceptance of these individuals. By misusing the word â€Å"pussy,† the main characters are

Compare and Contrast Two Theories of Motivation - 2294 Words

Essay Question Compare and Contrast Two theories of motivation. Suggest how a team leader might use these theories to motivate their team. Motivation according to Vroom (1964) is based within the individual , which influences one to complete a task. It is important for team leaders to motivate their team in order to improve productivity (Hyun and Oh ,2011, P103) and ensure that employees enjoy their jobs. Many theories of motivation have been developed, which allows team leaders use in work to motivate their teams The theorys which will be compared and contrasted in this essay are:- Herzbergs two-factor theory and Adams equity theory. Herzbergs theory, has become widely used as well as an respectable theory for explaining†¦show more content†¦Unlike, Herzbergs, Adams (1968) maintained that inequity results from people not only when they are relatively underpaid but also when the are overpaid. For example a person may feel inequity when they are being paid low for high productivity of input whilst another may also feel inequity when they are being paid high for low productivity. Whilst in the two-factor theory, motivation is more to do with increase in motivators thus this may occur even when productivity is low. (Herzbergs 1976). Therefore according to the equity theory, motivation is effected by how one perceives being treated fairly. Equity is defined as justices (Al-zawahreh and Al-madi 2012). Thus inequity occurs when a person feels that an imbalances in the ratio between their outcomes and inputs with others workers outcome and inputs. (Mine 1980) Moreover, according to Bell ( to improve productivity using the equity theory is to remove the feeling of unbalance, a team leader should do this by providing regularly evaluation of each employee on their perception of input which should be balanced with their perception of fair outcomes. This would provide the employees would understanding of the outcome received and remove any thoughts of unfairness. Moreover a lager amount of research has examined the characteristics of motivation factors that occur. For example Bandura cited in Sachau (2007) found that people are motivated to perform an activity to the extend that they feel aShow MoreRelatedIn this compare and contrast paper I will highlight the differences and commonalities1167 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Compare and Contrast Paper Jeremiah Barwick Liberty CCOU 201 In this compare and contrast paper I will highlight the differences and commonalities between Larry Crabb’s biblical model of counseling, theories, and techniques of Rodgerian theory called Rodgers’ Client-Centered Therapy (RCCT), Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT). All of these theories are a form of psychotherapy. Couselors today use techniques such as pharmacologicalRead MoreCompare and Contrast Different Structure of Organisation and Culture964 Words   |  4 Pagesbusinessballs.com Section 1 Understanding the relationship between organisational structure and culture You will need to: ï‚ · compare and contrast different organisational structures and culture Here you need to briefly describe the different types of organisational structure, and what different types/formats of culture can be found in organisations, and then compare and contrast them – what causes/creates each type, and positive factors / negative factors of each. ï‚ · explain how the relationship betweenRead Morebusiness Assignment1024 Words   |  5 PagesOrganisations and Behaviour Outcome 1: Understand the relationship between organisational structure and culture Outcome 2: Understand different approaches to management and leadership Outcome 3: Understand ways of using motivational theories in organisations Outcome 4: Understand mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in organisations SCENARIO According to Bergstram and Hamilton, organisations have different structures and these structures have a bearing on attitudesRead MoreNeed Theories: Comparing Maslow, Alderfer, and Mcclelland1194 Words   |  5 Pages19 July 2014 Need Theories: Comparing Maslow, Alderfer, and McClelland Most theories of motivation revolve around the idea an employee’s needs influence their motivation.  Needs  are physiological or psychological scarcities that stimulate behavior therefore are necessary to live a healthy, productive lives both in personal and work lives. â€Å"If work is meaningless, then life comes close to being meaningless†(Maslow, Stephens Heil 39). These needs, whether weak or strong and are greatly influencedRead MoreEssay on What is Motivation?1168 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation in the workplace is an important area for discussion and many theories as to what motivates people to do their jobs well have been formulated. This essay will discuss three different theories of motivation and work. Also produce a definition of motivation. First mention that you will define motivation then state that you will talk about different theories of motivation To begin with, there are to aspects of motivation to look at the first of these is a definitions of motivation. RobbinsRead MoreThe Theory And Integrated Control Theory976 Words   |  4 Pagessecond motivation theory is the Integrated Control Theory. The Integrated Control Theory offers a design for analyzing and processing work motivation and organizational problem solving. It allows individuals to develop expectations, plan and execute actions, receive environmental feedback, compare feedback to expectations and adjust behavior accordingly (Klein, 1989). Klein chose the name control theory because it is a compilation of various overlapping theories of motivation. The theory also incorporatedRead MoreA Comparison of Theorist1317 Words   |  6 Pageswriter will compare two of the most talented theorists of the time. Abraham Maslow and B.F. Skinner are just two of the many theorists that have formed the organization in today’s classrooms. This paper will address the differe nces in the theories and the similarities. It will describe how each theory can be implemented in the learning environment of an early childhood classroom. Lastly, it will describe each theory that will be compared supported by research. Comparison of two Theories Operant BehaviorRead MoreCompare and Contrast Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory with Vrooms Expectancy Theory640 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and contrast Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory with Vroom’s Expectancy theory. Is it possible to combine these two theories? How and why should, or shouldn’t it be so? Provide examples to support. Herzberg’s Two-Factor theory focuses on the internal needs of employees. This theory suggests that job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction are not mere opposite of each other and controlled by a different set of factors. While job dissatisfaction is believed to be associated directly with theRead MoreThe Motivational Theories Of Abraham Maslow And Frederick Herzberg1106 Words   |  5 Pagesshould find better ways to motivate their staffs to achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively. Many psychologists understand the importance of motivation in the industry; they worked on various motivational theories which could help employers to have a fruitful and productive employee. According to Feldman, motivation is a factor that direct and energize the behaviors of humans and other organisms, in other words, an inner state that stimulates us to fulfill a goal, something thatRead MoreThe Self-Determination Theory by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan1720 Words   |à ‚  7 PagesThe motivation of different individuals can vary for many reasons, two of those reasons can be internal and external factors. The internal factors are referred to as intrinsic motivators and the external factors are signified as extrinsic motivators. The Self-Determination Theory developed by Edward Deci and Richard Ryan is constructed on the basis of three distinctive psychological essentials, which include competence, relatedness, and autonomy (self-determination) (Moneta, 2004, p. 181). In order

Critique of a Nursing Theory free essay sample

This is a critique of Myra Estrin Levine’s conservation principles model. I will be discussing the meaning of the theory of the four principles; conservation of energy, conservation of structural integrity, conservation of personal integrity, and conservation of social integrity. I will be using the criterion-based model (C-BaC) as a focus of the positive aspects of the theory, as outlined by Johnson Webber (Johnson Webber, 2010, p. 92-214). I will discuss the intent and theory, the concepts and propositions, and the usefulness in nursing practice. How a nurse is defined could be very influential for those who aspire to become a nurse, and even for those who are already nurses. My definition of a nurse is one whose main focus is to care for others, medically, emotionally, and spiritually. Myra Levine has a unique outlook on the world of nursing that many may find hard to interpret. She had her own theories and principles of nursing that implemented health and well-being to patients through her conservation principles model. Her model was originally developed, not to be a nursing theory, but to attempt to teach nursing students a new approach to daily nursing activities. Intent and Boundaries The meaning of the theory of Myra Levine consists of four principles: conservation of energy, conservation of structural integrity, conservation of personal integrity, and conservation of social integrity. Each are fundamental to the expected outcomes when the model is used, but Levine also discussed â€Å"two other concepts critical to the use of her model; adaptation and wholeness† (â€Å"Myra Levine’s Conservation Theoryâ€Å", 2009) (which will be discussed throughout the critique). Her goal was to â€Å"promote adaptation and maintain wholeness by using the principles of conservation† (Nursing Theories: A Companion to Nursing Theories and Models, 2010). Conservation of energy: balancing energy output and input to avoid fatigue. Conservation of structural integrity: maintaining the integrity of a patient by restoring the structure of the body by preventing physical breakdown and facilitating healing. Conservation of personal integrity: to recognize a sense of self-worth, identity and acknowledging uniqueness. Conservation of social integrity: an individual who is recognized as someone who is part of a family, a community, and a population. Levine’s conservation model was designed to â€Å"provide a curriculum that would recognize medical-surgical coursework for a graduate curriculum† (Johnson Webber, 2010, p. 140). She believed that the conservation model was for the use of all fields of professional nursing practice, but she also believed that a professional nursing practice â€Å"could only be achieved at a graduate level† (Johnson Webber, 2010, p. 140). Other theorist’s such as Selye’s, Bertalanffy, and Erickson had an impact on Levine’s idea for her theory. My definition of nursing and Levine’s theory do differ in many ways, but our ultimate goals are the same. Levine, in my opinion, focuses on the integrity, uniqueness, and the structure of the patient, and then she focuses on whatever necessary to make the patient well. Within my nursing practice, and with the evolution of nursing since Levine’s time, my focus is comfort of the patient, educating the patient, the patient’s family, the community, and teaching how to adapt and maintain a healthy lifestyle physically, emotionally, and spiritually. Levine’s theory has been applied for research purposes, such as: â€Å"The investigation of an exercise intervention to mitigate cancer related to fatigue (Mock et al. , 2007, p. 1). There is a table on page 5 of the journal that shows the breakdown of the study and how Levine’s conservation model is implemented for the study. Boundaries are consistent with nursing practice† according to Johnson Webber (2010, p. 193). These boundaries, as I interpret them form Levine, when a patient is in a state of conservation, then the patient has successfully adapted to optimal energy, structural, personal, and social integrity, and this is achieved by nurse-patient rapport and interac tion. Although I do not define optimal patient health as Levine would, I do believe that the boundaries of today’s health disciplines and Levine’s theory ultimately have the same patient goal; patient wholeness. The meaning of Levine’s conservation theory is defined differently in all the secondary sources used. There are no words used that are misunderstood. I would not constitute any of the definitions read as jargon, slang or unnecessary and meaningless writing. The primary source, Levine’s definition of â€Å"Conservation of Social Integrity is to recognize the individual as one who strives for recognition, respect, self awareness, selfhood and self determination† (Nursing Theories: A Companion to Nursing Theories and Models, 2010). Selfhood is one word that I am not familiar with and had to look up for confirmation of meaning. The meaning of selfhood is integrity; strive for selfhood would be to strive for individuality or for your own true identity. Concepts and Propositions Levine’s theories share four major concepts; person, environment, health, and nursing. A concept of person is one who is being holistic and striving to accomplish complete integrity, â€Å"someone who is future-oriented and past-aware† (â€Å"Myra Levine’s Conservation Theoryâ€Å", 2009). Each individual has an internal and external environment that completes their wholeness. The internal environment is divided into â€Å"perceptual, operational, and conceptual environments† (â€Å"Myra Levine’s Conservation Theoryâ€Å", 2009). Perceptual being a person’s senses, operational being the function of the body’s interaction with the elements that can have long term effects on bodies but are not perceived until later. Conceptual environment consists of â€Å"language, ideas, symbols, the ability to think and experience, to have emotion, and to have individual psychological patterns that come from life experiences† (â€Å"Myra Levine’s Conservation Theoryâ€Å", 2009). Health is the general condition in all aspects, physically, mentally and emotionally. Nursing is promoting all of the concepts above and realizing that every patient is an individual with different needs to be met to complete their wholeness. Levine’s theories are consistent with the major concepts when referring to the ultimate goal of patient health, which is to complete their wholeness. Two examples of a proposition might be: 1. Encouraging your patient to continue to wear their mouth guard at night to decrease headaches and better sleeping patterns. 2. Teaching your patients the importance of completing their antibiotics to avoid having recurring episodes of the same bacteria causing infection. The concepts in the first example using Levine’s conservation principles would be: Wearing the mouth guard- conservation of structural integrity. The second concept would be: Decrease of headaches- conservation of personal integrity. Ultimately this would give the patient less pain and a better quality of life. The concepts in the second example using Levine’s conservation principles would be: Completing the antibiotics- conservation of structural integrity. The second concept would be: Learning the importance of completing the antibiotics- personal integrity. By the patient completing the antibiotics he is preventing the bacteria from spreading and from becoming ill from infection. The increase of knowledge gives him understanding and knowledge about antibiotics and why it is important to complete them. The variables in the examples are â€Å"the observable and measurable concepts with the ability to change† (Johnson Webber, 2010, p. 207). Example 1: the variable: patient compliance with wearing the mouth guard. Internal variables: compliance, physical well-being. External variables: headaches, increased sleep (better sleeping patterns). Assumption: With continued use of mouth guard the patient will have a decrease number of headaches, better sleeping patterns and an increased quality of life. Example 2: the variable: compliance in completing the antibiotics. Internal variables: compliance, physical well-being. External variables: infection, increased knowledge. Assumption: Completion of antibiotics will indicate no presence of bacteria causing infection and learning about antibiotics will increase his knowledge. Usefulness in Nursing Phenomenon can be defined as an â€Å"observable connection or relationship between objects, events or ideas† (Johnson Webber, 2010, p. 317). I chose the phenomenon of referred pain because I work on a Day Surgery unit I will often get patients complain of pain that is unrelated to their surgery. 1. Phenomenon: When stimulated by pressure, different areas give rise to brief episodes of referred pain perceived at a distance from the trigger spot. 2. Frequently patients who have endured a laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal) complain of pain unrelated to their surgery, often in the shoulders. It has been reported that this is due to â€Å"the analgesics used by the surgeons during the surgery† (Michaloliakou, Chung, Sharma, 1996, p. 5). 3. This phenomenon could be a negative effect on nursing practice if the nurse’s are unaware of the possible side effects of have referred pain post laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Understanding the theory behind referred pain post-operatively has influenced by nursing practice by being able to give an educated response to patient’s inquiries about the pain. It has been beneficial to both me and my patient’s to have this knowledge. Self Evaluation I am particularly happy with my choice to learn more about Myra Levine. Although I feel not quite fully informed of what her role was as a nurse. Most of what I had learned about her theory was how other researchers implemented her conservation theories to their research. I was also not aware completely of how to structure this type of critique in the paper. I followed the text, learned what I believe is correct, but I do not feel as though the paper flows as well as a critique should.

Model Essay Comparison Essay Post-Classical Civilizations free essay sample

With the collapse of the classical civilizations, post-classical civilizations arose shortly thereafter. Compare the factors that led to the rise post-classical civilizations from 500 CE to 1200CE between two of the following regions- Europe, East Asia, Africa or the Middle East. Model Essay Comparison Essay Post-Classical Civilizations With the collapse of the Roman, Gupta and Han empires, the world was left in a period of chaos with little structure in most areas. However after these collapses and the interlude that followed, post-classical civilizations arose in various regions. There were various reasons for this that ranged from rise of religion to the re-organization of political structures. During the time frame 500 CE to 1200 CE the Middle East and Europe both experienced this post-classical rise and had many similarities and differences among the factors that led to this, particularly in the areas of religion (similarities in rise, differences in spread and role of Christianity and Islam), trade (similarities in rebirth of commerce and rise of new economic systems) and political structure (differences with feudalism, similarities in theocracies and imperial). We will write a custom essay sample on Model Essay Comparison Essay Post-Classical Civilizations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Religion was an important factor in the re-emergence of post-classical civilizations in both the Middle East and Europe. Both the religions of Christianity and Islam had their origins in the Semitic Near East and had spread widely throughout both regions by 1200 CE. This is because both were easy to convert to and traveled along the trade routes of the Roman Empire prior to its collapse and through jihad by the caliphs that followed Muhammad after his death. A difference between these two religions in regards to their spread was how people converted. Early in Christianity, people came to the religion based on the efforts of missionaries. Later as Christianity was spread by the Franks (particularly Charlemagne), it was a forced conversion. Evidence is also seen in this in the Reconquista when Ferdinand and Isabella conquered southern Spain and forced thousands of Jews and Muslim Moors to convert, die or leave. Though Islamic jihads spread rapidly throughout the Middle East and North Africa (even into Europe), they rarely forced conversion by the sword and instead wanted people to come to t of their own will, which allowed a â€Å"truer† believer. The reason for this difference is probably due to the threats that the early western European church faced from constantly invading nomads and thus wanted those under their control to be Christian and nothing else. Islam was not as concerned with this due to the overwhelming nature of their conquests. This is also demonstrated in the eastern Roman empire (Byzantine Empire) because they never â€Å"collapsed† and thus allowed a diversity of religions within their empire unlike western Europe. The structure of these religions allowed both regions to have a sense of stability and common beliefs even though both had a diversity of cultures within their regions. This structure allowed for political systems to get stronger and protect the people during this period of constant invasion (especially for Europe) and allowed the rise of more advanced civilizations. One sees this with rise of the Holy Roman Empire in Western Europe and the caliphate empires of the Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties. This similarity in the impact of structured religion in both regions can be explained by the need for people to latch on to any stable, organized entity that would allow them to survive the chaos after 500 CE. The revival of trade was also a common factor in the rise of post-classical civilization in the Middle East and Europe. Commerce in much of the Middle East and Europe collapsed with the fall of Roman and the Han empires since they controlled both ends of the lucrative Silk Road. With the rise of caliphate empires in the Middle East and as a result of the Crusades upon Europe, trade re-emerged within and between these regions. Trade occurs within the confines of the Islamic world which stretched from Spain to the Indus River. In Europe the Italian city-states (Venice in particular) take advantage of post Crusade Mediterranean trade. One also sees trade in the Northern European cities of Ypres, Bruges and Ghent. This is most likely due to merchants now having a modicum of protection for their trade caravans from the newly arisen political rule in both regions. Commerce between regions also helps lead to the advancement of post-classical civilizations in both regions because it allows for the spread of new ideas and innovations. The stirrup from central Asia finds its way into Europe and the Middle East through trade. Gunpowder also makes its way from China into both regions due to trade (also Mongol conquests). The great advancements of the Abbasid dynasty and the city of Baghdad were a result of this new trade which led to medical, scientific and literary achievements unrivaled in other parts of the world. The Italian Renaissance in Europe was a direct result of the new trade caused by the Crusades. A difference between the Middle East and Europe (west) economically was the fact that Europe relied on the manorial system for so long after the collapse of Rome (at least a millennium) and the Middle East primarily stayed a commerce oriented region. This difference is due to the fact that Europe, outside of Charlemagne’s brief rule, never had a unified empire to protect the old Roman overland trade routes and towns and the schism between the Byzantine Empire and Rome further isolated the West. People thus had to become self-sufficient. Trade will come back to Europe, but not as fast as it does for the Middle East. The final factor that both regions shared commonalities and dissimilarities with was political systems. Western Europe was unique compared to the Middle East in that it developed a feudal system that was land oriented and fragmented whereas the Middle East was imperial under the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates. This difference occurred because there were no kings strong enough to protect all the people from the invasions of various nomadic groups after Charlemagne’s death, and people were forced to pledge fidelity to the local strong man. These strong men became the new noble class in Europe and it would not be until after the Crusades that kings begin to reclaim their power. Similarities between the two regions politically however did include the rise of theocratic governments (caliphates in the Middle East and the Holy Roman Empire in Europe). Also the Byzantine emperors held power over their respective Orthodox sect of Christianity and were thus theocratic. Also with Abbasids and Umayyad caliphates, the Holy Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire, imperial government did exist in both regions. The fact that both regions’ governments were tied so heavily to religion was because that religion played such a critical role in the period of chaos after the fall of Rome and to control the people, one had to control or least be a part of the new religious structures that emerged. As one can see, there were many similarities and differences between the regions of the Middle East and Europe in regards to the factors that allowed for the rise of new post-classical civilizations in these regions. However, these factors can also be compared globally. For instance, feudalism also arose in Japan during the Heian period and was very similar to European feudalism in the fact that it was land oriented and had a hierarchy of nobles and peasants. The Inca of South America were also a theocratic empire (king was seen as a son of the Sun God) and relied on trade across its Andean roads to survive. These factors were common outside of the two regions where post-classical civilizations arose and led to advanced civilizations across the world during this time frame.

Essential Standardized Test Taking Tips for Parents

Essential Standardized Test Taking Tips for Parents Standardized testing will be a significant part of your childs education typically beginning in 3rd grade.   These tests are crucial not only to you and your child, but also to the teachers, administrators, and school your child attends. The stakes can be extremely high for schools as they are given a grade based on how well students perform on these assessments.   In addition, many states utilize standardized test scores as a component of a teachers overall evaluation. Finally, many states have stakes tied to these assessments for students including grade promotion, graduation requirements, and the ability to receive their drivers license. These test-taking tips can be followed to assist your child to perform well on the test. Discussing the importance of these tests with your child will push them to do their best and following these tips can aid in their performance. Reassure your child that he or she does not have to answer all the questions correctly to pass. It is not expected that students answer every question correctly.   There is always room for error. Knowing that they do not have to be perfect will help eliminate some of the stress that comes with testing.Tell your child to attempt to answer all of the questions and not to leave any blank. There is no penalty for guessing, and students can get partial credit on the open-ended items.   Teach them to eliminate ones that they know are wrong first because it gives them a higher chance of getting the correct answer if they are forced to guess.Remind your child that the test is important.   It sounds simple, but many parents fail to reiterate this. Most children will put forth their best effort when they know   it is important to their parents.Explain to your child the importance of using time wisely. If your child gets stuck on a question, encourage him or her to make the best guess o r place a mark in the test booklet by that item and go back to it after finishing that section of the test. Students must not spend too much time on a single question. Give your best attempt and move on. Ensure that your child gets a decent nights sleep and a good breakfast before taking the test. These are essential to how your child performs. You want them to be at their best. Failing to get a good nights rest or good breakfast can cause them to lose focus quickly.Make the morning of the test a pleasant one. Do not add to your childs stress.   Do not argue with your child or bring up a touchy subject. Instead, try to do extra things that make them laugh, smile, and relax.Get your child to school on time the day of the test.   Give yourself extra time to get to school that morning. Getting them there late will not only throw off their routine, but it could also disrupt testing for other students.  Remind your child to listen carefully to the instructions from the teacher and to read the directions and each question carefully.   Encourage them to read every passage and every question at least two times. Teach them to slow down, trust their instincts, and give their best effor t.Encourage your child to stay focused on the test, even if other students finish early.   It is human nature to want to speed up when others around you are already finished. Teach your child to start strong, stay focused in the middle, and finish just as strong as you started. Many students hijack their scores because they lose focus on the bottom third of the test. Remind your child that it is okay to mark in the test booklet as a help in taking the test   (i.e. underlining key words) but to mark all answers as instructed on the answer sheet.   Teach them to stay within the circle and to erase any stray marks completely.

What to Do When You Feel Overwhelmed in College

What to Do When You Feel Overwhelmed in College Not everyone graduates from college; doing so is a huge deal because its an incredibly difficult journey. Its expensive. It takes a long time, it requires a heck of a lot of dedication, and there often never seems to be any rest from what other people expect of you. In fact, its sometimes easier to feel smothered by your responsibilities than it is to feel in control. So just what can you do when you feel overwhelmed in college? Fortunately, being in college means that you have both the desire and ability to figure out how to make things work even if you arent feeling like you can. Take a deep breath, start simply, and then show em what youre made of. What to Do When You Feel Overwhelmed in College First, be bold and block off 30 minutes from your schedule. It can be right now; it can be in a few hours. The longer you wait, of course, the longer youll feel stressed out and overwhelmed. The sooner you can make a 30-minute appointment with yourself, the better. Once youve reserved yourself for 30 minutes, set a timer (try using the alarm on your phone) and use your time as follows: 5 Minutes: Grab a pen or use your computer, tablet, or smartphone and make lists of what you have to do. And while this may sound easy, theres one catch: instead of making a long, running list, divide it up by sections. What do you need to do for your Chem 420 class? What do you need to do as a club vice chair? What do you need to do for your financial paperwork? Create, in essence, a bunch of mini-lists and organize them by topic.5 Minutes: Mentally walk through your schedule for the rest of the week (or, at the very least, the next 5 days). Where do you absolutely have to be (like class) and where do you want to be (like a club meeting)? Use whatever time management system you have to mark down what you have to do and what you want to do.10 Minutes: Break down your calendar using your micro lists. What must be done today? What must be done tomorrow? What can wait until tomorrow? What can wait until next week? Be brutal with yourself, too; there are only so many hours in a day and o nly so much you can reasonably expect yourself to do. What can wait? What cannot? Assign to-do items from your lists to various days in a way that sets reasonable expectations about how much you can get done in a certain amount of time. 5 Minutes: Spend a few minutes to specifically break down how you are going to spend the rest of your day (or night) today. Allocate as much time as possible in your schedule, making sure to account for things like breaks and meals. In essence: How will you spend the next 5-10 hours?5 Minutes: Spend your final 5 minutes getting yourself and your space ready to work. Do you need to go for a brisk walk? Clean up a workspace in your room? Head to the library? Get some water and coffee? In essence: get yourself moving and prepare your environment so that you can hit the ground running. Once your 30 minutes are up, youll have made to-do lists, organized your schedule, planned out the rest of your day (or night), and prepared yourself to start. This, ideally, will allow you to focus on the tasks at hand over the next few days; instead of always worrying about studying for an upcoming exam, you can tell yourself, Im studying for my exam on Thursday night. Right now I must finish this paper by midnight. Consequently, instead of feeling overwhelmed, you can feel in charge and know that your plan of attack will allow you to finally get things done. You got this!

Court System and the Judicial Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Court System and the Judicial Process - Essay Example Appellate courts (ibid) accept the complaints on inappropriate decisions of lower courts and re-try them, i.e. hear and re-consider arguments and apply the law to the evidence which has already been confirmed. In these courts, decision-making is delegated to groups of judges (Ball and Cliffs, 1987). "Judicial federalism is the term used to describe the relationships between these independent court systems at the state and national levels, and the various ways individual cases can move between different court systems []The U.S. Constitution also allows for states to maintain their own individual court systems that derive their authority from state constitutions and state laws" (ibid, p. 102). Nevertheless, according to the Constitution Article III, federal questions are tried by the U.S. Supreme Court (Abraham, 1986), a highest U.S. court. The litigation system, adopted in our country, is also known as 'adversarial' system, since it is based upon the plaintiff's presentation of their dispute or problem to an impartial third person, who deals with finding and examining the facts. Another prominent characteristic of the U.S. court system is the obligation to pay litigation fees (approximately $150 for a civil case). As a rule, cases are resolved by the U.S.

Gender and Sexual Orientation Personal Statement

Gender and Sexual Orientation - Personal Statement Example Question 1: Sexism Sells In the video developed by the Women’s Media Center, the current treatment of women by the media in broadcasts and other shows was highlighted. The greatest point raised by the video was that sexism has become the new trend in the broadcast media. This popularity of sexism stems from the idea that â€Å"sexism sells†. However, the creators of the video disagreed that sexism sells, and that discrimination of females is still very pervasive in today’s society. More specifically, the WMC stated that â€Å"they were not buying [sexism]†. As for me, I agree with the video. When I first watched some of the clips in the television, some of them appeared hilarious. Indeed, at first, I did not realize that they were sexist. However, after viewing the video, I realized that some of the comments indeed, were rather discriminatory, especially when the broadcasters labeled Hillary Clinton within the stereotype of a nagging wife. I am not essentially a feminist but I str ongly believe that some of the comments by the broadcasters were stupid and unfair. In fact, they displayed some sort of microaggression wherein it was as if they were projecting their negativities about women towards a single person who, at that time, happened to be Hillary Clinton. As portrayed in the video, I totally agree that sexism has now evolved to take a more insidious and subtle form. Perhaps the sadder part is that some of the discrimination are unintentional, and some are even unaware that they are not doing any form of sexism. Question 2: Kimmel: â€Å"Bros before Hos† The quote to be analyzed in this section is the one in Page 55: â€Å"There is only one complete unblushing male in America: a young, married, white, urban, northern, heterosexual†¦ Any male who fails to qualify may view himself as unworthy, incomplete, and inferior†. This quote can be found in the section involving the psychological development of boys, or where the Guy Code Begins. Th is quote struck me the most among all the other parts of the readings in â€Å"bros before Hos† because of the implications and effects of such an event in a male’s life. Such a system that works even in the earliest days of the boy’s development is something that reflects the sad state of today’s society. The readings in this section also made me ponder about the upbringings of a male relative. I have a distant male cousin who lived in a farm with his family. Their family rarely goes out of the countryside and when we came to visit, my cousin would often be forbidden from playing with us, because he had to learn to be a man and the process of doing so does not allow for playing. In addition, during a time when my cousin fell and broke an arm, he was not allowed to cry or else he would be called a sissy. From these, I realized that somehow, there is a burden among males to conform to the society’s definition of what a male is. Still, the fact that males have to be â€Å"boxed-in† into a certain criteria before they can even begin to feel â€Å"macho† is rather absurd. Thus, I believe that in this sense, females are a little bit luckier. Indeed, although females have their own stereotypes that they have to fall into, they are freer in discovering their identities because societal norms allow then to reveal much more emotions than those permitted for males. Females are also now given more flexibility in the choice of the roles they want to play in the society, wherein they can now function in roles that were previously exclusively dominated by males. It is also sad to realize that as developments can be observed in the world’ perception of females, the males’ perception of themselves remained the same. Therefore, improvement is need so that males may be able as well to create more flexible definitions of flexibility. Question 3: Video Analysis (Impressions) The video on 30 Days â€Å"A Straight Man in a Gay World† is an interesting film. I have known long before that the arguments

Problems of farmers in present day of Life Essay Example for Free

Problems of farmers in present day of Life Essay We think of farms as always being there. Food will always be grown. Our countryside will be full of cows and crops just like it always has been. The fact is that this may not be true. Farmers are faced with the growing costs to run their farms. These costs include taxes, insurance, and regular farm costs. When we visited a farm, the farmer said that this was one of his main concerns. and not the weather conditions like we thought. Farmers are being offered big money to sell their farms. Companies that are building lots of houses and condominiums buy up farm land so that city people can move into the country. They break up the farm land into smaller pieces of land. In the picture on the right, you will see an example of how housing developments are gradually taking over valuable farm land. With more people traveling and moving into the country, more roads need to be built. Roads take up land, too. Many times the land is farmland. So, the farmer is offered lots of money to sell their land. The high taxes and farm costs make this look good to farmers. Another big threat is roads that go around cities. These are called loops or bypasses. These use up farm land, parks, and green spaces edging our cities. This has had a terrible track record over the past few years, although many mayors and members of Congress now want to build more. As a nation, we should stop giant highways and promote new transportation that helps the economy and the environment. We interviewed former Congressman and former head of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority Neil Gallagher who said, New Jersey used to make awful smells that would spread across the area from a major pig farm in Secaucus. A plan then was made by Governor Al Driscoll to run a highway through New York State to the crossing of the Delaware River to take out the traffic on Highway Number 1. In order to build these roadways, all the roads had to connect and pass through Secaucus which had to be the hub of the highway. In order to do this, the government had to buy all the pig farms in Secaucus. Mr. Gallagher remembers that several laws were passed: A new organization was formed called the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Creation of an organization that would buy the farms at a fair price. Allowing the turnpike to sell bonds to raise money to buy the land and  build the road. The bonds would be paid for by the tolls that were collected on the turnpike. [Two thirds of the money came from out-of-state drivers.] The result of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority closing down the farms was that we lost the farm land, and the new use of that land resulted in the greatest economic boom that the state of New Jersey had ever seen. The road itself created all new jobs throughout the state and in Secaucus itself. Let’s use the New Jersey Meadowlands sports complex as an example. This land became some of the most valuable land in the metropolitan area when the Meadowlands [including Giant Stadium, the race track, and Continental Arena] was built where pig farms used to be. Mr. Gallagher feels that, â€Å"Sometimes the price of progress is finding a better use of land that benefits more people at the expense of a more rural and quiet way of life. The threat to farming had to be raised for the people of the state. This is one example, but a balance does have to be set from nature and a growing society.† Many people would agree with Mr. Gallagher’s statements and many others would not. No matter where you stand on the loss of valuable farmland to development, you need to always be concerned about the future of our farming communities.

Echoing Footsteps: Rape, Victims, Survivors, and What We Can Do Essay

Echoing Footsteps: Rape, Victims, Survivors, and What We Can Do Rape is devastating to its victims. I feel as if this statement should stand alone, underlined and in bold typeface. It is crucial that we, as a society, come to a deep understanding and awareness of this message. For that reason, I will state it again: Rape is devastating to its victims. Thirty percent of rape victims will contemplate suicide. Slightly more will seek therapy. Slightly less will invest in some form of self-defense. The overwhelming majority, 82%, will tell you that their lives have been permanently changed. The way they view men will be permanently changed as well (Warshaw 66). Forty-one percent of victims go through life believing every day that they will be raped again (Warshaw 64). Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that we do what we can to spread knowledge of this crime, protect its victims, prosecute its perpetrators, and prevent it from ever happening again. Acquaintance rape, sometimes called date rape, is the most common form of this crime. Yet, until the 1980s, it was virtually unheard of (Warshaw 2). We believed that rape was fairly rare. When it did take place, we wrongfully assumed that the victim was an idealized virginal school girl and that her attacker was a ruthless and depraved psychopath, armed and lurking in the shadows (Warshaw 14). This image needs to be destroyed. Rape is common. One in four women will be raped during her lifetime. Current statistics say that a woman is raped every four seconds in this country (Anderson 213). These women will be assaulted by people they know, most often by people they trust. They will be disbelieved when they tell their story. They will... ...Violence 14 (1999): 62-79. Dervarics, Charles. â€Å"Date Rape, Hate Crimes May Get Hill Attention.† Black Issues in Higher Education 15 (1999): 6. Foege, Alec and Jennifer Mendelsohn. â€Å"Silent No More.† People 50 (1998): 185-188. Henderson, Alan. â€Å"Study: Women Using ‘Date Rape Drug’.† Women’s Health Weekly (01/11/99): 8. Koss, Dr. Mary. Arizona Rape and Sexual Assault Surveillance Project. December 1997. Online. Internet http://www.u.arizona.edu/~sexasslt/text.html 28 March 1999. Rubenzahl, Samuel A. â€Å"The Prevalence and Characteristics of Male Perpetrators of Acquaintance Rape New Research Methodology Reveals New Findings.† Violence Against Women 4 (1998): 713-726. Warshaw, Robin. I Never Called it Rape: The Ms. Report on Recognizing, Fighting and Surviving Date and Acquaintance Rape. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1994.

Green Building Guide

 ® IGBC Green Homes  ® IGBC Green Homes Rating System Ver 1. 0 Abridged Reference Guide April 2009 Confederation of Indian Industry CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre  ® IGBC Green Homes  ® IGBC Green Homes Rating System Ver 1. 0 Abridged Reference Guide April 2009 Confederation of Indian Industry CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Copyright Copyright  © 2008 by the Indian Green Building Council. All rights reserved. The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) authorises you to view the IGBC Green Homes Version 1. Abridged Reference Guide for your individual use. You agree not to sell or modify the IGBC Green Homes Reference Guide or to reproduce, display or distribute IGBC Green Homes Reference Guide in any way for any public or commercial purpose, including display on a website or in a networked environment. Unauthorised use of the IGBC Green Homes Abridged Reference Guide violates copyright, trademark and other laws and is prohibited. Note that the National an d local codes, norms, etc. , used in the IGBC Green Homes Reference Guide are in the public domain.All other content in the IGBC Green Homes Reference Guide are owned by the Indian Green Building Council and are protected by copyright. Disclaimer None of the parties involved in developing the IGBC Green Homes Version 1. 0 Abridged Reference Guide, including the Indian Green Building Council assume any liability or responsibility, to the user or any third parties for any injuries, losses or damages arising out of such use. Indian Green Building Council C/o Confederation of Indian Industry CII – Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre Survey No. 64, Kothaguda Post Near Kothaguda Cross Roads, R R Dist Hyderabad – 500 032 2Acknowledgements The IGBC Green Homes Abridged Reference Guide has been made possible through the efforts of many dedicated volunteers, staff members and others in the IGBC community. The Reference Guide was developed by the IGBC Green Homes Core Committee and many other members. We extend our deepest gratitude to all these members. Tremendous inputs also came in at the ‘IGBC Green Homes’ launch on 02 May 2008, which had an overwhelming response from stakeholders all over the country. IGBC places on record its sincere thanks to the participating companies and individuals who enthusiastically volunteered during the break-out sessions.Our special thanks to the following members for their participation and contributions in developing the rating programme: †¢ Mr Sharukh Mistry, Chairman, IGBC – Green Homes Steering Committee & Director, Mistry Architects, Bangalore †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Dr Prem C Jain, Chairman, Indian Green Building Council & Chairman and Managing Director, Spectral Services Consultants Private Limited, Noida Mr Sanjay Seth, Energy Economist, Bureau of Energy of Efficiency, New Delhi Mr V Madhwa Raja, Superintendin g Engineer, HMDA, Hyderabad Mr Arjun Valluri,Chairman, Surya Ray, Hyderabad Mr Ankoor Sanghvi, Architect, Ankoor Sanghvi Architects, Rajkot Dr Archana Walia, Programme Management Specialist, USAID, New Delhi Mr Chandrashekar Hariharan, CEO, Biodiversity Conservation [India] Limited, Bangalore Mr C. N. Raghavendran, Chairman, IGBC-Chennai Chapter & Partner, CRN Architects & Engineers, Chennai Mr C Shekar Reddy, President, Builders Forum, Hyderabad Mr Gerard Da Cunha, Proprietor, Architecture Autonomous, Goa Mr H N Daruwalla, Vice President, Godrej & Boyce Mfg.Co. Ltd. , Mumbai Mr Jaffer A A Khan, Principal Architect, JDS Architects, Bangalore Mr Jahangir Yar Khan, General Manager-Projects, Shree Ram Urban Infrastructure Ltd, Mumbai †¢ †¢ Dr Jyotirmay Mathur, Reader, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur Mr K K Bhattacharya, Sr. Executive Director, DLF Utilities Pvt Ltd, Gurgaon 3 †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Mr K P Ragh avan, Vice President & Head – Buildings & Factories Sector, Larsen & Toubro Ltd. Chennai Mr K R Gopinath, Chairman, KRG Rainwater Foundation, Chennai Ms Meenu Garg, Consultant, Hyderabad Mr Pawan Malhotra, Managing Director, Mahindra Lifespace Developers Ltd, Mumbai Mr Rajan Rawal, Professor, CEPT University, Ahmedabad Mr Rajan Venkateswaran, Chief Architect, Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Chennai Mr Rumi P Engineer, Dy. General Manager, Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co.Ltd, Mumbai Mr R Sri Kumar, Additional Director General of Police, Chairman and Managing Director, Karnataka State Police Housing Corporation Limited, Bangalore Mr Sanjay Chawla, Chairman, IGBC – Hyderabad Chapter, Business Head (Commercial and SEZ), Maytas Properties Ltd, Hyderabad Ms Suhasini Ayer, Architect, Auroville Design Consultants, Pondicherry Mr Vidur Bharadwaj, Chairman, IGBC – Delhi Chapter & Managing Partner, Design & Development Consultants, New Delhi Dr Vishal Garg, Associate Professor, Centre for IT in Building Science, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad Mr Zubin Irani, Managing Director, Carrier Airconditioning & Refrigeration Limited, Gurgaon †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 4Our sincere thanks are due to the following organisations for their participation in the programme: †¢ Adapt Technologies & Consultancy Services India Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ ADC KRONE ,Bangalore †¢ Advance Cooling Towers Pvt Ltd, Mumbai †¢ AFRA Consultancy, Hyderabad †¢ Ala Inc, Chennai †¢ Aliens Developers Private Limited, Hyderabad †¢ Altimate Envirocare Asia Pvt Ltd, Mumbai †¢ Aluplast India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi †¢ Ankoor Sanghvi Architects, Rajkot †¢ Armstrong World Ind. India Pvt Ltd , Bangalore †¢ Architecture Autonomous, Goa †¢ Architect Hafeez Contractor, Mumbai †¢ Asahi India Glass Limited (AIS),Hyderaba d †¢ Auroville Design Consultants, Pondicherry †¢ Bamboo Finance, Switzerland †¢ Blue Run V entures, New Delhi †¢ Blue Star Limited, Hyderabad †¢ Brigade Group, Bangalore †¢ Buhari Holdings Private Limited, Chennai †¢ Bureau of Energy Efficiency, New Delhi †¢ Conserve Consultants Pvt.Ltd, Chennai †¢ Carrier Airconditioning & Refrigeration Limited, Gurgaon †¢ CEPT University, Ahmedabad †¢ CRN Architects & Engineers, Chennai †¢ CSR Estates, Hyderabad †¢ Design & Development Consultants, New Delhi †¢ DLF Services Limited, Gurgaon †¢ DLF Utilities Pvt Ltd, Gurgaon †¢ Dow Chemical International Pvt Ltd, Mumbai †¢ DSL Infrastructure & Space Developers, Hyderabad †¢ Dynacraft Air Controls , Mumbai †¢ Emaar MGF Land Limited, New Delhi †¢ EN3 Consulting, Chennai †¢ KRG Rainwater Foundation, Chennai †¢ KRVIA, Mumbai †¢ L&T Infocity Limited, Hyder abad †¢ Larsen & Toubro Limited, Chennai †¢ Lodha Group of Companies, Mumbai †¢ Mahindra Lifespace Developers Ltd, Mumbai â⠂¬ ¢ Maithel & Associates Architects Pvt.Ltd, Jaipur †¢ Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur †¢ Manasaram Architects, Bangalore †¢ Master Consultancy & Productivity Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Maxvel Technologies Pvt Ltd, Mumbai †¢ Maytas Properties Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Mistry Architects, Bangalore †¢ Mozaic Design Combine, Goa †¢ Nippon Paint (India) Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Oceanus Infrastructure (P) Ltd, Bangalor e †¢ Olympia Tech Park, Chennai †¢ Orbit Group, Kolkata †¢ Owens Corning Enterprise (India) Pvt Ltd, Mumbai †¢ Parsvnath Developers Ltd, New Delhi †¢ Potential Service Consultants (P) Ltd, Bangalore †¢ Prasad Escendo Consultancy, Hyderabad †¢ Rajarathnam Constructions (P) Ltd, Chennai †¢ Rajco Metal Industries Pvt Ltd, Mumbai †¢ RITES Ltd, Gurgaon †¢ Roads and Buildings Dept. , Govt. , AP, Hyderabad †¢ S V Properties, Hyderabad †¢ S&S Constructions (India) Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Sai Construction Corporation, Hyderabad †¢ Saint – Gobain Glass India Ltd, Chennai †¢ Sangam Project Consultants, Mumbai †¢ Satya Vani Project & Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi 5 Energy Conservation Mission, Hyderabad †¢ Everest Industries Ltd, Gopalapuram Tamilnadu †¢ ETA Engineering Private Limited, Hyderabad †¢ Eximcorp India Pvt Ltd, New Delhi †¢ Federation of Engineering Institutions of South and Central Asia, Hyderabad †¢ Forbo Flooring India, New Delhi †¢ Forum (FBH), Hyderabad †¢ Genesis Planner (Pvt) Ltd, Mumbai †¢ Gherzi Eastern Limited, Mumbai †¢ Ghosh, Bose & Associates, Kolkata †¢ GMR Hyderabad Intl. Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Godrej & Boyce Mfg. Co. Ltd, Mumbai †¢ Godrej Properties, Mumbai †¢ Greentech Knowledge Solutions (P) Ltd, New Delhi †¢ Green Tek Indika (GTI), Hyderabad †¢ Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd, Hydera bad †¢ Honeywell, Chennai †¢ Indu Projects Limited, Hyderabad †¢ Infinity Infotech Parks Ltd, Kolkata †¢ Infinity Township Pvt.Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Infosys BPO Limited, Bangalore †¢ Interface Flor India Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad †¢ JDS Architects, Bangalore †¢ Johnson Control s, Mumbai †¢ Jones Lang LaSalle Meghraj, Gurgaon †¢ Kalpataru Ltd, Mumbai †¢ Karnataka State Police Housing Corporation Limited, Bangalore †¢ Khivraj Tech Park Pvt Ltd, Chennai †¢ Kirloskar Brothers Ltd, Coimbatore †¢ K Raheja Corp, Mumbai †¢ Sequoia Capital India Advisors Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore †¢ Sevcon (India) Pvt Ltd, New Delhi †¢ SEW Constructions Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Shapoorji Pallonji & Company Limited, Mumbai †¢ Shika Management Services, Hyderabad †¢ Shilpa Architects, Chennai †¢ SMR Builders Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ SMR Live Spaces, Hyderabad à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Shree Ram Urban Infrastructure Ltd, Mumbai †¢ Spectral Services Consultants Private Limited, Noida †¢ Srinivasa Shipping & Property Development Ltd, Chennai †¢ Studio Decode, Bangalore †¢ Suchirindia Developers Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Sugan Automatics Pvt.Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Surbana International Consultants (India) Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ Supreme Petrochem Ltd, Mumbai †¢ Tameer Consulting Associates, Hyderabad †¢ Tata Housing Development Co. Ltd , Bangalore †¢ Team Labs & Consultants, Jaipur †¢ Terra Verde Architects, Hyderabad †¢ The Indian Institute of Architects, New Delhi †¢ Total Environment, Bangalore †¢ TSI Ventures, Bangalore †¢ UNUS Architects and Interior Designers, Hyderabad †¢ U P Twiga Fiberglass Ltd, Hyderabad †¢ USAID, New Delhi †¢ Vida Calma Homes Private Limited, Goa †¢ Virtuoso Consultants, Hyderabad †¢ Voltas Limited, Hyderabad †¢ V Raheja Design Construction , Bangalore 6  ® Contents Foreword from Indian Green Building Council IGBC Green Homes 9 10 11 11 12 14 17 18Introduction Benefits of Green Homes National Priorities addressed in the Rating system IGBC Green Home Rating System IGBC Green Home Process Updates and Addenda Green Homes Project Checklist Site Selection and Planning Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Site Credit 1. 0 Site Credit 2. 0 Site Credit 3. 0 Site Credit 4. 0 Site Credit 5. 0 Site Credit 6. 0 Site Credit 7. 0 Water Efficiency Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Water Credit 1. 0 Water Credit 2. 0 Water Credit 3. 0 Water Credit 4. 0 Water Credit 5. 0 Water Credit 6. 0 Water Credit 7. 0 Water Credit 8. 0 Water Credit 9. 0 Energy Efficiency Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Energy Credit 1. 0 Energy Credit 2. 0 Energy Credit 3. 0 Energy Credit 4. 0 Energy Credit 5. 0 Energy Credit 6. Energy Credit 7. 0 Energy Credit 8. 0 CFC-Free Equipment Minimum Energy Performance Energy Per formance Energy Metering Refrigerators Solar Water Heating Systems : 50%,75%,95% Captive power Generation Onsite Renewable Energy : 2. 5%, 5. 0%, 7. 5%, 10% Efficient Luminaries & Lighting Power Density: 20% Energy Saving Measures in other Appliances & Equipment 7 Local Regulations Soil Erosion Basic Amenities Natural Topography or Landscape : 15%, 20% Heat Island Effect – Roof : 50%, 75% Parking Facilities for Visitors Electric Charging Facility for Vehicles Design for Differently Abled Green Home Guidelines – Design & Post Occupancy 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30Rainwater Harvesting, 50% Water Efficient Fixtures Turf Design : 20%,40% Drought Tolerant Species : 25% Management of Irrigation Systems Rainwater Harvesting, 75%, 95% Grey Water Treatment : 50%,75%,95% Treated Grey Water for Landscaping : 50%,75%,95% Treated Grey Water for Flushing : 50%,75%,95% Water Efficient Fixtures : 20%, 30% Water Metering 32 33 34 35 36 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 50 51 57 58 59 60 61 62 64 Mate rials Mandatory Requirement 1 Materials Credit 1. 0 Materials Credit 2. 0 Materials Credit 3. 0 Materials Credit 4. 0 Materials Credit 5. 0 Materials Credit 6. 0 Materials Credit 7. 0 Separation of Wastes Waste Reduction during Construction : 75% Organic Waste Management, Post Occupancy : 50%, 95% Materials with Recycled Content : 10%, 20% Rapidly Renewable Materials : 2. 5%, 5% Local Materials : 50%, 75% Reuse of Salvaged Materials : 2. 5%, 5% Certified Wood Based Materials and Furniture: 50%, 75% 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73Indoor Environmental Quality Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Mandatory Requirement 3 IEQ Credit 1. 0 IEQ Credit 2. 0 IEQ Credit 3. 0 IEQ Credit 4. 0 IEQ Credit 5. 0 IEQ Credit 6. 0 IEQ Credit 7. 0 Innovation and Design Process INN Credit 1. 1 INN Credit 1. 2 INN Credit 1. 3 INN Credit 2. 0 Annexure Abbreviations Innovation and Design Process Innovation and Design process Innovation and Design Process IGBC AP 91 91 91 92 93 103 Tobacco Smoke Control D aylighting : 50% Fresh Air Ventilation Exhaust Systems Enhanced Fresh Air Ventilation : 30% Low VOC Materials Carpets : 5% Building Flush Out Daylighting : 75%, 85%, 95% Cross Ventilation 75 76 78 80 81 83 85 86 87 89 8Foreword from the IGBC India is witnessing tremendous growth in infrastructure and construction development. The construction industry in India is one of the largest economic activities and is growing at an average rate of 9. 5% as compared to the global average of 5%. As the sector is growing rapidly, preserving the environment poses a host of challenges. To enable the construction industry to be environmentally sensitive, CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre has established the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC). IGBC is a consensus driven not-forprofit council representing the building industry, consisting of more than 500 committed members.The council encourages builders, developers and owners to build green to enhance the economic and environmental perform ance of buildings. The Green Building Movement in India has been spearheaded by IGBC since 2001, by creating national awareness. The council’s activities have enabled a market transformation with regard to Green Building concepts, materials and technologies. IGBC continuously works to provide tools that facilitate the adoption of green building practices in India. The development of IGBC Green Homes Rating System is another important step in this direction. IGBC Membership IGBC draws its strength from its members who have been partners in facilitating the Green Building Movement in India.The local chapters led by individual champions and committed members have been instrumental in reaching out the vision of the IGBC at the regional levels. IGBC is today seen as a leader in spearheading the Indian green building movement. The council is member driven and consensus based. Contact : Indian Green Building Council C/o Confederation of Indian Industry CII – Sohrabji Godrej G reen Business Centre Survey No. 64, Kothaguda Post Near Kothaguda Cross Roads, R R District Hyderabad – 500 032, India Ph: +91 40 23112971-74 Fax : +91 40 23112837 Email: [email  protected] in Web: www. igbc. in 9 I. Introduction The housing sector in India is growing at a rapid pace and contributing immensely to the growth of the economy.This augurs well for the country and now there is an imminent need to introduce green concepts and techniques in this sector, which can aid growth in a sustainable manner. Green concepts and techniques in the residential sector can help address national issues like handling of consumer waste, water efficiency, reduction in fossil fuel use in commuting, energy efficiency and conserving natural resources. Most importantly, these concepts can enhance occupant health, happiness and wellbeing. Against this background, Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) has launched ‘IGBC Green Homes Rating System’ to address the national prioriti es. By applying IGBC Green Homes criteria, homes which are sustainable over the life cycle of the building can be constructed.This rating programme is a tool which enables the designer to apply green concepts and criteria, so as to reduce the environmental impacts, which are measurable. The programme covers methodologies to cover diverse climatic zones and changing lifestyles. IGBC Green Homes is the first rating programme developed in India, exclusively for the residential sector. It is based on accepted energy and environmental principles and strikes a balance between known established practices and emerging concepts. The system is designed to be comprehensive in scope, yet simple in operation. IGBC has set up the Green Homes Core Committee to develop the rating programme. This committee comprised of key stakeholders including architects, developers, home owners, manufacturers, institutions and industry representatives.The committee, with a diverse background and knowledge has enr iched the rating system both in its content and process. 10 II. Benefits of Green Homes Green homes can have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible. The most tangible benefits are the reduction in water and energy consumption right from day one of occupancy. The energy savings could range from 20 – 30 % and water savings around 30 – 50%. Intangible benefits of Green homes include enhanced air quality, excellent daylighting, health & wellbeing of the occupants, safety benefits and conservation of scarce national resources. Green Homes rating system can also enhance marketability of a project. III.National Priorities Addressed in the Rating System The Green Homes Rating System addresses the most important National priorities which include water conservation, handling of consumer waste, energy conservation, conservation of resources like wood and lesser dependence on usage of virgin materials. Water Efficiency: Most of the Asian countries are water stressed and in countries like India the water table has reduced drastically over the last decade. Green Homes encourages use of water in a self – sustainable manner through reducing, recycling and reusing strategies. By adopting this rating programme green homes can save potable water to an extent of 30 – 50%.Handling of House -hold Waste: Handling of waste in residential buildings is extremely difficult as most of the waste generated is not segregated at source and has a high probability of going to land fills. This continues to be a challenge to the municipalities which needs to be addressed. IGBC intents to address this by encouraging green homes to segregate the house hold waste. Energy Efficiency: The residential sector is a large consumer of electrical energy. IGBC Green Homes can reduce energy consumption through energy efficient lighting, air conditioning systems, motors, pumps etc. , The rating system encourages green homes which select and use BEE labeled equipment and appliances. The energy savings that can be realised by adopting this rating programme can be to the tune of 20 – 30%.Reduced Use of Fossil Fuels: Fossil fuel is a slowly depleting resource, world over. The use of fossil fuel for transportation has been a major source of pollution. The rating system encourages the use of alternate fuels for transportation and captive power generation. Reduced Dependency on Virgin Materials: The rating system encourages projects to use recycled & reused material and discourages the use of virgin wood thereby addressing environmental impacts associated with extraction and processing of virgin materials. Reduced usage of virgin wood is also encouraged. 11 Health and Well-being of Occupants: Health and well-being of occupants is the most important aspect of Green Homes.IGBC Green Homes Rating System ensures minimum performance of daylighting and ventilation aspects which are critical in a home. The rating system recognises measures to minimise the indoor air pollutants. IV. IGBC Green Homes Rating System IGBC has set up the Green Homes Core Committee to focus on residential sector. The committee includes architects, realtors, experts on building science and industry representatives. The varied experience and professions of the committee members brings in a holistic perspective in the process of developing the rating programme. A. Evolution of the Rating System IGBC, in its endeavor to extend green building concepts to all building types envisioned a rating programme for homes in December 2007.A core committee was formed under the leadership of Ar Sharukh Mistry, Mistry Architects, Bangalore. The committee drafted the pilot version of the programme which was launched in May 2008. The rating system is designed to suit Indian climate and construction practices. About 220 members representing 120 organisations participated in the pilot programme. 52 projects with 41. 5 million sq. ft of building footprint area from various clima tic zones registered under the pilot rating programme. After one year of implementation, feedback from pilot projects were reviewed by the core committee and the suggestions have been incorporated in the final rating system launched in March 2009. The rating system will be subjected to a eview by the core committee, every 6 months, to ensure that it is updated and contemporary. B. Features of IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Homes Rating System is a voluntary and consensus based programme. The rating system has been developed based on materials and technologies that are presently available. The objective of IGBC Green Homes is to facilitate the creation of energy efficient, water efficient, healthy, comfortable and environmentally friendly houses. The rating system evaluates certain credit points using a prescriptive approach and other credits on a performance based approach. The rating system is evolved so as to be comprehensive and at the same time user-friendly.The programme is fundam entally designed to address national priorities and quality of life for occupants. 12 The rating programme uses well accepted national standards and wherever local or national standards are not available, appropriate international benchmarks have been considered. C. Scope of IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Homes Rating System is a measurement system designed for rating new residential buildings which broadly include two construction types: 1. Dwellings where interiors are part of the project. 2. Dwellings where interiors are not part of the project *Interiors include but not limited to refrigerators, internal lighting, furniture, carpets, etc.Based on the scope of work, projects can choose any of the above options. The following categories of dwelling can apply for rating: v Individual homes v Gated communities v High rise residential apartments v Existing residential buildings v Residential buildings with major renovation v Hostels, Service apartments, Resorts, Motels and Guest houses In general all dwelling spaces which can meet the mandatory requirements and minimum points can apply. Various levels of green building certification are awarded based on the total points earned. D. The Future of IGBC Green Homes Many new green building materials, equipment and technologies are being introduced in the market.With continuous up-gradation and introduction of new green technologies and products, it is important that the rating programme also keeps pace with current standards and technologies. Therefore, the rating programme will also undergo periodic revisions to incorporate the latest advances and changes. It is important to note that project teams applying for IGBC Green Homes should register their projects with the latest version of the rating system. During the course of implementation, projects have an option to transit to the latest version of the rating system. IGBC will highlight new developments on its website on a continuous basis at www. igbc. in 13 V. IGBC Green Homes Process The guidelines detailed under each credit enable the design and construction of green homes of all sizes and types.IGBC Green Homes addresses green features under the following categories: v Site Selection and Planning v Water Efficiency v v v v Energy Efficiency Materials Indoor Environmental Quality Innovation & Design Process Different levels of green building certification are awarded based on the total credits earned. However, every Green Home should meet certain mandatory requirements, which are non-negotiable. The various levels of rating awarded are: v ‘Certified’ to recognise best practices v ‘Silver’ to recognise outstanding performance v ‘Gold’ to recognise national excellence v ‘Platinum’ to recognise global leadership a. When to use IGBC Green Homes IGBC Green Homes is designed primarily for new residential buildings.However, it is also applicable for existing buildings redesigned in accordance with the IGBC Green Homes criteria. The project team can evaluate all the possible points to apply under the rating system using a suitable checklist. The project can apply for IGBC Green Homes certification if it can meet all mandatory requirements and achieve the minimum required points. b. IGBC Green Homes Registration Project teams interested in IGBC Green Homes Certification for their project must first register with IGBC. Projects can be registered on IGBC website (www. igbc. in) under ‘IGBC Green Homes’. The website includes information on registration fee for IGBC member companies as well as non-members.Registration is the initial step which helps establish contact with IGBC and provides access to the required documents, templates, important communications and other necessary information. Consult the web site for important details about IGBC Green Homes application as well as the certification review process, schedule and fee. 14 c. IGBC Green Homes Certification Le vels The rating system caters to projects like individual houses, apartments, motels, resorts, hostels, etc. , Amongst the different types, projects are broadly classified into two categories: v Projects where interiors are part of scope of work v Projects where interiors are not part of the scope of work Interiors include but not limited to materials like interior finishes & furniture and appliances like refrigerators, fans, lights etc. As a general guideline, individual owners can use the checklist ‘Projects with Interiors’ and developers & builders can use the checklist titled ‘Projects without Interiors’. However, if the context varies, projects can adopt the one which is the closest fit. The threshold criteria for certification levels are as under: Certification Level Certified Silver Gold Platinum Points for projects with interiors 32 – 39 40 – 47 48 – 59 60 – 80 Points for projects without interiors 30 – 36 37 †“ 44 45 – 55 56 – 75 d. Documentation The project team is expected to provide supporting documents at each stage of submission for all the mandatory requirements and the credits attempted.Supporting documents are those which provide specific proof of meeting the required performance level, such as, specifications, drawings (in native format only), cutsheets, manufacturer’s literature, purchase invoices and other documents. These details are mentioned in this guide, under each credit / mandatory requirement. Documentation is submitted in two phases – design submittals and construction submittals: v The design submission involves those credits which can be evaluated at the design stage. The reference guide provides the list of design and construction phase credits. After the design submission, review is done by third party assessors and review comments would be provided within 40 working days. v The next phase involves submission of clarifications to desi gn queries and construction document submittal.The construction document is submitted on completion of the project. This review will also be provided within 40 working days, after which the rating is awarded. 15 It is important to note that the credits earned at the design review are only considered as anticipated and are not awarded until the final construction documents are submitted along with additional documents showing implementation of design features. If there are changes for any design credit anticipated, these changes need to be documented and resubmitted for the construction review phase. IGBC will recognise homes that achieve one of the rating levels with a formal letter of certification and a mountable plaque. e.Precertification Projects by developers can register for Precertification. This is an option provided for projects aspiring to get precertified at the design stage. The documentation submitted for precertification must detail the project design features which wi ll be implemented. The rating awarded under precertification is based on the project’s intention to conform to the requirements of Green Homes Rating system. It is important to note that the precertification rating awarded need not neccesarily correspond to the final certification. Precertified projects are required to provide the status of the project to IGBC, in relation to the rating, once in every six months until the award of the final rating.Precertification gives the owner/developer a unique advantage to market the project to potential buyers. Those projects which seek precertification need to submit the following documentation: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ For each credit, a narrative on how the project would meet the goal Design calculations, wherever appropriate Drawings (in native format only) as appropriate Filled in templates wherever applicable IGBC would take 40 working days to review the first set of precertification documents. On receiving the clarificatio ns posed in the first review, IGBC would take another 40 working days to award the precertification. A certificate and a letter are provided to projects on precertification. f.Credit Interpretation Ruling In some instances the design team can face certain challenges in applying or interpreting a mandatory requirement or a credit. It can also happen in cases where the project can opt to achieve the same goal through a different compliance route. To resolve this IGBC uses the process of ‘Credit Interpretation Ruling’ (CIR) to ensure that rulings are consistent and applicable to other projects as well. 16 The following are the steps to be followed in case the project team faces a problem: v Consult the Reference Guide for description of the credit goal, compliance options and calculations. v Review the goal of the credit or mandatory requirement and self-evaluate whether the project satisfies the goal. Review the Credit Interpretation web page for previous CIR on the relev ant credit or mandatory requirement. All projects registered under IGBC Green Homes will have access to this page. v If a similar CIR has not been addressed or does not answer the question sufficiently, submit a credit interpretation request. Only registered projects are eligible to post CIRs. Two CIRs are answered without levying any fee and for any CIR beyond the first two CIRs, a fee is levied. g. Appeal Generally credits get denied due to misinterpretation of the goal. On receipt of the final review, the project team has the option to appeal to IGBC for reassessment of denied credits or mandatory requirements.The documentation for the mandatory requirements or credits seeking appeal may be resubmitted to IGBC along with necessary fee. IGBC will take 40 working days to review such documentation. These submissions would be reviewed by an assessor not involved in the earlier assessments. Documentation for appeals should include the following i. Documentation submitted for design su bmission ii. Documentation submitted for construction submission iii. Clarifications along with necessary drawings and calculations VI. Fee Certification fee details can be found on IGBC website. VII. Updates and Addenda This is the first version of IGBC Green Homes Abridged Reference Guide. As the rating system continues to improve and evolve, updates and addenda to he reference guide will be made available through the website. These additions will be incorporated in the next version of the rating system. 17 Points Available Checklist for Green Homes Site Selection and Planning Local Regulations Soil Erosion Basic Amenities Natural Topography or Landscape : 15%, 25% Heat Island Effect – Roof : 50%, 75% Parking Facilities for Visitors Electric charging Facility for Vehicl es Design for Differently Abled Green Home Guidelines – Design & Post Occupancy Projects with Interiors Projects without Interiors Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Site Credit 1. 0 Site Credit 2. 0 Site Credit 3. 0 Site Credit 4. 0 Site Credit 5. 0 Site Credit 6. 0 Site Credit 7. 0Required Required 1 2 2 1 1 1 NA 8 Required Required 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 9 Required Required 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 20 Required Required 10 1 NA 3 1 4 1 1 21 Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Water Credit 1. 0 Water Credit 2. 0 Water Credit 3. 0 Water Credit 4. 0 Water Credit 5. 0 Water Credit 6. 0 Water Credit 7. 0 Water Credit 8. 0 Water Credit 9. 0 Water Efficiency Rainwater Harvesting, 50% Water Efficient Fixtures Turf Design : 20%, 40% Drought Tolerant Species : 25% Management of Irrigation System s Rainwater Harvesting : 75%,95% Grey Water Treatment : 50%, 75%, 95% Treated Grey Water for Landscaping : 50%, 75%, 95% Treated Grey Water forFlushing : 50%, 75%, 95% Water Efficient Fixtures : 20%, 30% Water Metering Energy Efficiency CFC Free Equipment Minimum Energy Performance Energy Performance Energy Metering Refrigerators Solar Water Heating Systems : 50%, 75%, 95% Captive Power Generation On-site Renewable Energy : 2. 5%, 5. 0%, 7. 5%, 10% Efficient luminaries & Lighting power density : 20% Energy Saving Measures in Other Appliances & Equipment Required Required 2 1 2 2 3 3 3 3 1 20 Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Energy Credit 1. 0 Energy Credit 2. 0 Energy Credit 3. 0 Energy Credit 4. 0 Energy Credit 5. 0 Energy Credit 6. 0 Energy Credit 7. 0 Energy Credit 8. 0 Required Required 10 1 1 3 1 4 1 1 22 18 Materials Mandatory Requirement 1 Material Credit 1. 0 Material Credit 2. 0 Material Credit 3. 0 Material Credit 4. 0 Materials Credit 5. 0 Material Credit 6. 0 Material Credit 7. Separation of Waste Waste Reduction During Construction : 75% Organic Waste Management, Post Occupancy : 50%, 95% Materials with Recycled Content : 10%, 20% Rapidly Renewable Materials : 2. 5%, 5% Local Materials : 50%, 75% Reuse of Salvaged Materials : 2. 5%, 5% Certified Wood Based Materials and Furniture : 50%, 75% Indoor Environmental Quality Tobacco Smoke Con trol Daylighting : 50% Fresh Air Ventilation Exhaust Systems Enhanced Fresh Air Ventilation : 30% Low VOC Materials Carpets : 5% Building Flush Out Daylighting : 75%, 85%, 95% Cross Ventilation Innovation and Design Process Innovation and Design Process Innovation and Design Process Innovation and Design Process IGBC AP Total Required 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 13 Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Mandatory Requirement 3 IEQ Credit 1. IEQ Credit 2. 0 IEQ Credit 3. 0 IEQ Credit 4. 0 IEQ Credit 5. 0 IEQ Credit 6. 0 IEQ Credit 7. 0 Required Required Required 2 2 2 1 1 3 2 13 INN Credit 1. 1 INN Credit 1. 2 INN Credit 1. 3 INN Credit 2. 0 1 1 1 1 4 80 Required 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 12 Required Required Required NA 2 2 NA NA 3 2 9 1 1 1 1 4 75 IGBC Green Homes Certification Levels Rating Certified Silver Gold Platinum Projects with Interiors 32 – 39 40 – 47 48 – 59 60 – 80 Points Projects without Interiors 30 – 36 37 – 44 45 – 55 56 – 75 1 9 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Site Selection and Planning 20 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Local Regulations Mandatory Requirement 1 Goal: Construction SubmittalTo ensure that the building complies with the required statutory regulatory codes. Compliance Options: The following measures need to be ensured: †¢ †¢ Approval of the plan from the competent Government authority Fit for occupancy document from the competent Government authority Documentation Required: Provide an approved plan and / or fit for occupancy documents obtained from the competent Government authority. Provide photographs / as-built drawings of the completed building. Approach and Methodologies: Survey the statutory requirements in the area that the building is constructed. Ensure that these requirements are incorporated at the design stage. 21 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNINGSoil Erosion Mandatory Requirement 2 Goal: To control soil erosion and thereby reduce negative impacts to the site. Compliance Options: Ad opt the following measures: Construction Submittal v Ensure erosion control measures that conform to the best management practices highlighted in the National Building Code (NBC) of India. v Ensure that topsoil is stockpiled for reuse later. v Develop appropriate measures to address soil erosion, post occupancy. Documentation Required: Provide photographs to show stockpiling of topsoil. Submit a description on the measures implemented / provide the erosion control plan adopted. Submit a post occupancy erosion control plan.Approach and Methodologies: Evolve strategies to stockpile top soil and reuse later for landscaping purpose or stockpiled soil can be donated to other sites for landscaping purpose. Consider adopting measures such as temporary and permanent seeding, mulching, earth dikes, silt fencing, sediment traps, and sediment basins as appropriate. Open areas can be landscaped (eg. , grass, trees, shrubs). Paved areas can be installed with permeable paving. For impermeable sur faces direct all run off towards storm water collection pits. 22 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Basic Amenities Site Credit 1. 0 Goal: Design Submittal Point: 1 To reduce the negative impacts from automobile use and enhance the overall quality of life by providing amenities.Compliance Options: Select a site with access to atleast five amenities, within a walking distance of 1 Km (see list in Exhibit A) AND In multi-dwelling units, provide seating area & toilets in the common area and tot-lots within the campus. Note: This point can be earned only if the amenities are available before or at the time of project completion. Documentation Required: Provide an area map (to scale) indicating the path and distances from the proposed building to the household amenities or public transport systems. Provide photographs. Approach and Methodologies: Select sites near public transit and / or household services and amenities that are accessible by safe, convenient pedestrian pathways. Only restauran ts can be counted twice and all other amenities to be considered only once. 23SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Exhibit A – List of Basic Amenities †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Grocery store Electrician / Plumbing services School Dhobi / Laundry Bank / ATM Creche Fitness Center /Gym Library Medical clinic / Hospital Pharmacy Post Office / Courier service Place of Worship Restaurant Supermarket Other neighborhood-serving retail Electricity / Water utility bills payment counter Playground Jogging track 24 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Natural Topography or Landscape : 15%, 25% Site Credit 2. 0 Goal: Construction Submittal Points: 2 Minimise disturbances to the building site so as to reduce long-term environmental impacts. Compliance Options: Avoid disturbance to site by etaining the natural topography of the site and / or design landscape for at least 15% of the site area. Points are awarded as below: Points for retaining natural topography or landscaping Percentage of site area with natural topography and/or landscaped area > 15% > 25% Notes: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Parking areas, walkways etc. , are considered as site disturbances. Landscape refers to soft landscaping which include only vegetative materials. Natural topography in its broad sense means preserving natural features of the terrain. Landscaped areas over built structures such as roofs, basement etc cannot be considered for the purpose of calculation of landscaped area. Potted plants will not be considered as landscape. Points 1 2Documentation Required: Provide drawings, calculations and photographs showing the site area with natural topography (and / or) landscaped area. Approach and Methodologies: Design the building with a minimal footprint (by tightening design needs and stacking floor plans). Consider retaining the natural topography in the site or design landscape t o the extent possible. In sites which have fully grown trees, avoid destruction. Avoid developing paved surfaces on the site, as much as possible. 25 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Heat Island Effect – Roof : 50%, 75% Site Credit 3. 0 Goal: Construction Submittal Points: 2 Reduce heat islands (thermal gradient differences between developed and undeveloped areas) to minimise impact on microclimate.Compliance Options: Use material with high solar reflectance and thermal emittance (such as, white china mosaic or white cement tiles or any other highly reflective materials) and / or provide vegetation to cover atleast 50% of the exposed roof areas. Points are awarded as below: Points for Heat Island Effect – Roof Percentage of green roof/ high reflective material > 50% > 75% Note: Exposed roof area does not include areas occupied by equipment such as HVAC, solar water heater, photovoltaic etc. , Documentation Required: Provide roof drawings highlighting location and the extent of highly reflective roof materials / green roof provided.Approach and Methodologies: To maximise energy savings and minimise heat island effect, select materials that exhibit high reflectivity and high emissivity. Consider providing green roofs or using highly reflective materials over roof to reduce the heat island effect. Typical materials with high reflective properties include china mosaic, white cement tiles, paints with high Solar Reflective Index (SRI) values etc. , Points 1 2 26 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Parking Facilities for Visitors Site Credit 4. 0 Goal: Design Submittal Points: 1 To provide adequate parking within the site to minimise disturbance caused due to parking on public roads and thereby enhance quality of life.Compliance Options: Parking capacity to be provided as per local byelaws and parking for visitors to be provided as follows: †¢ †¢ For individual homes provide 1 visitor car park For multi-dwelling units provide an additional 10% parking are a over and above the local code, reserved for visitors only. Documentation Required: Provide calculations on parking provisions as per local regulations. Submit plans indicating the visitor car park area. Approach and Methodologies: Design the building to ensure adequate parking provisions are made to cater to the occupants as well as the visitors. Parking provisions should take into account two wheelers and four wheelers. While designing parking facilities, consider basement/ stilts parking to reduce the heat island effect. When surface parking is planned, consider permanent cover; or other design strategies to address heat island effect as a result of such provisions. 27SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Electric Charging Facility for Vehicles Site Credit 5. 0 Goal: Design Submittal Point: 1 To encourage the use of electric vehicles to reduce pollution from automobile use. Compliance Options: Provide electric charging facility within the site, as follows: †¢ †¢ For individual h omes provide atleast one such facility For multi-dwelling units provide electric charging facility, to cover 10% of the total parking capacity reserved for building occupants and visitors. The electric charging facility should cater to both two wheelers and four wheelers. Documentation Required: Provide parking plans showing provisions for electric charging facility.Provide calculations demonstrating that these facilities meet the credit criteria. Approach and Methodologies: Survey the type of electric vehicles already plying on the roads and also survey the kind of vehicles which may come up in the future. Create facilities so as to charge these kinds of vehicles. Consider having adequate number of charging facilities based on the charging time. While considering such charging facilities, ensure that all safety aspects have been addressed. 28 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Design for Differently Abled Site Credit 6. 0 Goal: To ensure that the building can cater to differently abled pe ople Compliance Options: Design Submittal Point: 1The building design should incorporate the following provisions for differently abled people, as applicable: †¢ Appropriately designed preferred car parking spaces in an area which has easy access to the main entrance or closer to the lift (one parking space for every 100 dwelling units) Provision for easy access to the main entrance Uniformity in flooring level/ ramps in common areas Rest rooms (toilets) in common areas designed for differently abled people Braille and audio assistance in lifts for visually impaired people †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Documentation Required: Provide drawings showing provisions for differently abled people. Also submit photographs.Approach and Methodologies: Identify all probable facilities required to cater to differently abled people. Design the building to ensure that certain basic minimum provisions for differently abled people are incorporated. 29 SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING Green Home G uidelines – Design & Post Occupancy Site Credit 7. 0 Design Submittal Point: 1 Not applicable for projects with interiors Goal: Provide prospective buyers and occupants with descriptive guidelines that educate and help them implement green design features within their apartment / houses. Compliance Options: Marketing and design stage: Include green design features proposed along with details of the green homes rating pursued in the marketing brochures.Post Occupancy stage: Publish green home guidelines providing information that helps occupants to implement green ideas. Documentation Required: Provide a copy of the marketing brochure along with green design features. Also submit a copy of the ‘Green Home Guidelines’ which will be given to the occupants. Approach and Methodologies: Develop a summary of sustainable design features incorporated in the Green Home project. Also include tips and guidelines which can be considered by the occupants in designing the inter iors. 30 WATER EFFICIENCY Water Efficiency 31 WATER EFFICIENCY Rainwater Harvesting, 50% Mandatory Requirement 1 Goal: Construction SubmittalTo increase the ground water table or to reduce the usage of water through effective and appropriate rainwater management. Compliance Options: Provide rainwater harvesting or storage system to capture atleast 50% of the runoff volumes from the roof surfaces. In coastal areas where the groundwater table is shallow and water percolation is limited, collection tanks may be provided meeting the above requirement. Runoff coefficients for Typical Surface Types S. No 1 2 3 4 5 Note: For normal annual rainfall refer Metrological Department data at http://www. imd. gov. in Documentation Required: Provide details on the rainwater harvesting system specifying storage capacity and volume of water captured. Provide details of captured rainwater.Approach and Methodologies: Survey the water table in the area. Design appropriate harvesting system based on the sub-surface characteristics. Factors to be considered include weathering, fractures & joints for rocky sites and thickness of aquifer for sedimentary sites. Capture rainwater from roof top for reuse. The design should also include flushing arrangement to let out impurities in the first few showers. Such pollutants and impurities include paper waste, leaves, bird droppings, dust, etc. Surface Type Cemented/ tiled Roof Roofs Conventional Roof Garden ( 500 mm) Runoff Coefficient 0. 95 0. 95 0. 95 0. 30 0. 10 32 WATER EFFICIENCY Water Efficient Fixtures Mandatory Requirement 2Goal: To minimise indoor water usage by installing efficient water fixtures. Compliance Options: Construction Submittal Select water fixtures whose average flow rates / capacities meet the values mentioned in the table below: Baseline Flow Rates / Capacity for Water Fixtures in a Typical Household S. No 1 2 Items Flush fixtures Flow fixtures Units LPF LPM Base line average flow rates / capacity 6/3 12 * At a flowin g water pressure of 3 bar Notes: †¢ †¢ Flow fixtures include faucets, basin mixer, taps, showers, shower mixers. The baseline flows can be demonstrated at flowing water pressure of 3 bar. Flowing water pressure of 3bar does not mean that the water supply in the building is at 3 bar. The uilding fixtures can operate at lower pressures but to show compliance under this credit, the design flow rates are to be submitted at 3 bar. The average flow rate is a simple arithmetic average of all the respective flush / flow fixtures. †¢ Documentation Required: Submit data manual by product manufacturer to confirm that conditions above have been satisfied. Approach and Methodologies: While selecting water fixtures, look for the efficiencies. The product catalogue or the brochure may detail the flow rates at various pressures. Fixtures are available with ultra high efficiency which can reduce substantial quantity of water consumption. 33 WATER EFFICIENCY Turf Design : 20%, 40% Wate r Credit 1. 0Goal: To limit such landscape which consumes large quantities of water. Compliance Options: Design Submittal Points: 2 Limit the use of turf on the site so as to conserve water. Points are awarded as below. Points for Limited Use of Turf Turf area as a percentage of total landscaped area < 20% < 40% Points 2 1 Areas planted with turf should not exceed a slope of 25 percent (i. e. , a 4 to 1 slope). Notes: †¢ †¢ This point is applicable only for those projects which have atleast 15% of the site area landscaped. Landscape refers to soft landscaping which include only vegetative materials. Documentation Required: Provide a landscape plan specifying the species used.Provide photographs. Approach and Methodologies: During landscape design minimise turf to the extent possible. Select plants, shrubs and trees which consume less water. 34 WATER EFFICIENCY Drought Tolerant Species : 25% Water Credit 2. 0 Goal: Landscape to be designed to ensure minimum consumption of w ater. Compliance Options: Design Submittal Points: 1 Ensure that atleast 25% of the landscaped area is planted with drought tolerant species. Notes: †¢ †¢ This point is applicable only for those projects which have atleast 15% of the site/ plot area landscaped. Drought tolerant species are those species that do not require supplemental irrigation.Generally accepted time frame for temporary irrigation is one to two years. Documentation Required: Provide a landscape plan indicating the percentage of landscaped area which uses drought tolerant species. Also provide a list of the species used and highlight their drought tolerant nature. Approach and Methodologies: Select species that are well-adapted to the site. Select those species which are drought tolerant. Consider xeriscaping as an approach for landscaping. 35 WATER EFFICIENCY Management of Irrigation Systems Water Credit 3. 0 Goal: Construction Submittal Points: 2 Reduce the demand for irrigation water through water-eff icient management techniques.Compliance Options: (1 point for any three features) Provide highly efficient irrigation system incorporating atleast two features mentioned below: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Provide a central shut-off valve Provide a moisture sensor controller Turf and each type of bedding area must be segregated into independent zones based on watering needs Atleast 50% of landscape planting beds must have drip irrigation system to reduce evaporation Install time based controller for the valves such that the evaporation loss is minimum and plant health is ensured Use pressure regulating devices to maintain optimal pressure to prevent water loss Any other innovative methods for watering Documentation Required: Provide a detailed description of managing the irrigation systems installed. Provide landscape plans with the names of the species. Provide cut sheets and photographs of the systems installed.Approach and Methodologies: The irrigation management system must be designed based on the requirements of the landscape plan, and installed as per the design. The designer and the installer must work together and ensure the planned performance of the system. 36 WATER EFFICIENCY Rainwater Harvesting, 75%, 95% Water Credit 4. 0 Goal: Construction Submittal Points: 2 To increase the ground water table or to reduce the usage of water through effective and appropriate rainwater management. Compliance Options: Provide rainwater harvesting system to capture roof water generated from roof area to utilize in landscape irrigation or indoor water usage. In coastal areas where the groundwater table is shallow and water percolation is limited, collection tanks may be provided meeting the above requirement.Points are awarded as below: Points for Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Harvesting System to capture / recharge †¢ 75% runoff from roof area †¢ 95% runoff from roof area Notes: †¢ †¢ In areas where recharging the aqu ifier is not feasible, collection and reuse may be considered. For normal annual http://www. imd. gov. in rainfall refer Metrological Department data at Points 1 2 Documentation Required: Provide details on the rainwater harvesting system specifying storage capacity and volume of water captured. Provide details of captured rainwater. 37 WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies: Survey the water table in the area. Design appropriate harvesting structure based on the sub-surface characteristics. Factors to be considered include weathering, fractures & joints for rocky sites and thickness of aquifer for sedimentary sites.Capture rainwater from roof top for reuse. The design should also include flushing arrangement to let out impurities in the first few showers. Such pollutants and impurities include paper waste, leaves, bird droppings, dust, etc. 38 WATER EFFICIENCY Grey Water Treatment : 50%, 75%, 95% Water Credit 5. 0 Goal: Construction Submittal Points: 3 Reduce the consumption o f water by in situ treatment of grey water generated so as not to pollute the municipal streams. Compliance Options: Provide an on-site grey water treatment system to treat atleast 50% of grey water generated in the building, to standards suitable for flushing and landscaping purpose.Points are awarded as below: Points for Grey Water Treatment Grey Water Treated as a Percentage of Total Grey Water generated in Building †¢ 50% †¢ 75% †¢ 95% Note: Grey water is neither clean nor heavily soiled waste water that comes from clothes washers, bathtub, showers, bathroom wash basins, kitchen sinks and dish washers. More specifically, it is the untreated waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Documentation Required: Provide a detailed description of the on-site grey water treatment system. Provide photographs / cut sheets from the manufacturers. Provide water balance of the building. Provide details of usage of treated grey water within the building. Poi nts 2 3 39 WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies: Calculate the grey water volumes generated in the building. Design appropriately the capacity of the on-site grey water treatment system. While designing the treatment system, ensure that the treated grey water meets the required quality standards based on its purpose of application. Have signages all around the building to caution occupants and housekeeping staff that this water is not potable. 40 WATER EFFICIENCY Treated Grey Water for Landscaping : 50%, 75%, 95% Water Credit 6. 0 Goal: Construction Submittal Points: 3 Reduce demand for fresh water by using treated grey water for landscaping.Compliance Options: Reduce atleast 50% of potable water requirement for landscaping by using treated grey water generated within the site. AND The treated grey water for reuse must conform to the quality standards as prescribed by Central / State Pollution Control Board. Points are awarded as below. Points for Treated Grey Water for Lands caping Percentage of Treated Grey Water Treated used for Landscaping †¢ 50% †¢ 75% †¢ 95% Points 1 2 3 Note: This point can be claimed only if the grey water that is reused is treated in situ. Documentation Required: Provide a detailed description of landscaping water requirement and how the treated grey water or rain water will meet this requirement. Also provide calculations on quantity and quality of grey water reused. 41WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies: Install an adequately sized grey water treatment plant. Ensure that the quality of the treated grey water is fit and safe for reuse. Prioritise the use of treated grey water such that irrigation requirements are given top priority. Excess treated grey water can also be used for flushing and make-up water for air-conditioning systems. Ensure periodic testing of the treated water to meet the quality standards as prescribed by Central / State Pollution Control Board. 42 WATER EFFICIENCY Treated Grey Water f or Flushing : 50%, 75%, 95% Water Credit 7. 0 Goal: Construction Submittal Points: 3 Reduce demand for fresh water by using treated grey water for flushing requirements.Compliance Options: Provide separate water plumbing lines for flushing purpose and source atleast 50% of the flushing water requirements from the treated grey water available. AND The treated grey water for reuse must conform to the quality standards as prescribed by Central / State Pollution Control Board. Points are awarded as below. Points for Treated Grey Water for Flushing Percentage of Treated Grey Water Treated used for Flushing †¢ 50% †¢ 75% †¢ 95% Note: This point can be claimed only if the grey water that is reused is treated in situ. Documentation Required: Submit drawings showing separate plumbing lines for treated grey water. Provide calculations to show the quantity of grey water used for flushing.Points 1 2 3 43 WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies: Evaluate the water consumption in the building and ascertain the quantity of grey water generated. Also evaluate the availability of grey water for flushing purposes and accordingly install the dual plumbing lines. Design the plumbing system accordingly. 44 WATER EFFICIENCY Water Efficient Fixtures : 20%, 30% Water Credit 8. 0 Goal: To minimise indoor water usage by installing efficient water fixtures. Compliance Options: Construction Submittal Points: 3 Select water fixtures whose average flow rates / capacities are lower than the given baseline values for all the items mentioned below.Points are awarded as below: Points for Water Efficient Flow Fixtures Points Awarded S. No 1 2 Items Flush fixtures Flow fixtures * Base line Average Flow / Capacity 6/3 12 Units LPF LPM Water consumption 20% lower than baseline 1 Water consumption 30% lower than baseline 1 2 * At a flowing water pressure of 3 bar Notes: †¢ †¢ Flow fixtures include faucets, basin mixer, taps, showers, shower mixers. The baseline flows ca n be demonstrated at flowing water pressure of 3 bar. Flowing water pressure of 3bar does not mean that the water supply in the building is at 3 bar. The building fixtures can operate at lower pressures but to show compliance under this credit, the design flow rates are to be submitted at 3 bar.The average flow rate is a simple arithmetic average of all the respective flush / flow fixtures. †¢ Documentation Required: Submit data manual by product manufacturer to confirm that conditions above have been satisfied. Provide calculations to show the percentage of water savings. 45 WATER EFFICIENCY Approach and Methodologies: While selecting water fixtures, look for the efficiencies. The product catalogue or the brochure may detail the flow rates at various pressures. Fixtures are available with ultra high efficiency which can reduce substantial quantity of water consumption. 46 WATER EFFICIENCY Water Metering Water Credit 9. 0 Goal: Design Submittal Points: 1To encourage continuous monitoring and enhance the performance of the residential dwelling unit(s). Compliance Options: Provide water meters for any three of the following: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Treated grey water consumption Landscape water consumption Rain water reuse Airconditioning cooling tower make-up Hot water consumption Any other major source of water consumption such as, swimming pools, water fountain, common car wash facilities Documentation Required: Describe the metering equipment installed. Provide cut sheets for the meters installed. Approach and Methodologies: Identify all the major water consuming areas and install systems to monitor their consumptions.Develop and implement a measurement and verification mechanism to compare predicted water savings to actual water consumption. 47 ENERGY EFFICIENCY Energy Efficiency 48 ENERGY EFFICIENCY CFC-Free Equipment Mandatory Requirement 1 Goal: Design Submittal To avoid the use of such refrigerants and ozone layer depleting gases which will negatively impact the environment Compliance Options: Refrigerants used in Heating, Ventilation & Air-conditioning (HVAC) equipment and unitary air-conditioners installed must be CFC-free. Documentation Required: Provide a declaration signed by a responsible party declaring that the building HVAC systems do not use CFC based refrigerants. Approach and Methodologies: Survey the market for all CFC-free HVAC systems.Such systems are also available in smaller capacities. Install HVAC equipment which does not use CFC based refrigerant. 49 ENERGY EFFICIENCY Minimum Energy Performance Mandatory Requirement 2 Goal: Design Submittal Optimise energy efficiency of the building to reduce environmental impacts from excessive energy use. Compliance Options: The project should achieve the following minimum number of points as illustrated under the Energy Credit 1. 0: Type of Building Non Air-conditioned Air-conditioned Minimum number of points to be achieved 3 4 For further detail s, refer to Energy Credit 1. 0. 50 ENERGY EFFICIENCY Energy Performance Energy Credit 1. 0 Design Submittal Points: 10